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TermDefinitionSourceA AbatementReducing the degree or intensity of, or eliminating, pollutionEPAAbatement is a process that involves the cutting out or lessening of the presence of environmentally damaging pollutants such as greenhouse gases, or of harmful substances like asbestos and lead.Enviro News & BusinesssAdaptive ReuseThe process by which an old and/or disused building is refurbished for a new purpose (e.g. when an defunct hotel is turned into a housing complex, an empty big box store is turned into a community center).Reuse AllianceAdd-on Control DeviceAn air pollution control device such as a carbon absorber or incinerator that reduces pollution in an exhaust gas. The control device usually does not affect the process being controlled and thus is “add-on” technology, as opposed to a scheme to control pollution through altering the basic process itself.EPAAdjustment MethodA standard formula used in diversion rate measurement to offset changes in a jurisdiction’s population and economic conditions between the base year and the measurement year. Without the adjustment method, population growth and economic booms would result in lower diversion ratesCalRecycleAdvanced Disposal Fee (ADF)Consumer payment made by the consumer at the time of product purchase to cover all future costs—including environmental costs—for recycling or disposal of that product.CalRecycleAdvanced TreatmentA level of wastewater treatment more stringent than secondary treatment; requires an 85% reduction in conventional pollutant concentration, or a significant reduction in non-conventional pollutants. Sometimes called tertiary treatmentEPAAdvanced Wastewater TreatmentAny treatment of sewage that goes beyond the secondary or biological water treatment stage and includes the removal of nutrients such as pophorous and nitrogen and a high percentage of suspended soilsEPASewage water that has had a high percentage of suspended solids and contaminants removed is considered to have gone through the process of Advanced Wastewater Treatment.Enviro News & BusinesssAerated LagoonA holding and/or treatment pond that speeds up the natural process of biological decomposition of organic waste by stimulating the growth and activity of bacteria that degrade organic wasteEPAAerated Static PileForced aeration method of composting in which a free-standing composting pile is aerated by a blower moving air through perforated pipes located beneath the pile (On Farm Composting Handbook)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPAerobicLife or processes that require, or are not destroyed by, the presence of oxygen.EPAAerobic TreatmentProcess by which microbes decompose complex organic compounds in the presence of oxygen and use the liberated energy for reproduction and growth. (Such processes include extended aeration, trickling filtration and rotating biological contractors).EPAAffected LandfillUnder the Clean Air Act, landfills that meet criteria for capacity, age, and emissions rates set by the EPA. They are required to collect and combust their gas emissions.EPAAgricultural PollutionFarming wastes, including runoff and leaching of pesticides and fertilizers; erosion and dust from plowing; improper disposal of animal manure and carcasses; crop residues, and debris.EPAAgricultural pollution results from the waste produced by the farming industry. This pollution includes the dust generated when ploughing takes place, and the effects of incorrectly disposing of manure.Enviro News & BusinesssAgricultural WastePoultry and livestock manure, and residual materials in liquid or solid form generated from the production and marketing of poultry, livestock or fur-bearing animals; also includes grain, vegetable, and fruit harvest residue.EPAPoultry and livestock manure, or residual materials in liquid or solid form, generated in the production and marketing of poultry, livestock, fur-bearing animals and their products, provided such waste is not a hazardous waste. The term includes the residual materials generated in producing, harvesting, and marketing of all agronomic, horticultural, silvicultural and agricultural crops or commodities grown on what are usually recognized and accepted as farms, forests or other agricultural lands.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaAir PollutionThe presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more air pollutants or any combination thereof (Section 22a-170 of the Connecticut General Statutes (CGS))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPAirborne ParticulatesTotal suspended particulate matter found in the atmosphere as solid particles or liquid droplets. Chemical composition of particulates varies widely, depending on location and time of year. Sources of airborne particulates include: dust, emissions from industrial processes, combustion products from the burning of wood and coal, combustion products associated with motor vehicle or non-road engine exhausts, and reactions to gases in the atmosphere.EPATotal suspended particulate matter found in the atmosphere as solid particles or liquid droplets (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPAirborne ReleaseRelease of any pollutant into the airEPAAlternative FuelsSubstitutes for traditional liquid, oil-derived motor vehicle fuels like gasoline and diesel. Includes mixtures of alcohol-based fuels with gasoline methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, and others.EPAAluminum CansAluminum cans are lightweight, convenient, portable, and used to package beverages. Recycling cans contributes to a process that conserves natural resources and saves money compared to manufacturing cans from virgin materials.Re-TRAC ConnectAmerican Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM)Voluntary standards development organization, considered a trusted source for technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services. (ASTM)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPAnaerobicA life or process that occurs in, or is not destroyed by, the absence of oxygen.EPAAnaerobic DecompositionReduction of the net energy level and change in chemical composition of organic matter caused by microorganisms in an oxygen-free environmentEPAAquiferA geologic formation, group of formations or part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated, permeable materials to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs (CGS Section 22a-354h (6))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPArchitectural CoatingsCoverings such as paint and roof tar that are used on exteriors of buildings.EPAAsbestosAsbestos is a natural fibre which occurs in several forms and which was, at one time, widely employed in the building trade. It is also, however, notorious for being highly carcinogenic and capable of inducing the condition asbestosis, a verdict that has led to severe restrictions on its use.Enviro News & BusinesssA mineral fiber that can pollute air or water and cause cancer or asbestosis when inhaled. EPA has banned or severely restricted its use in manufacturing and construction. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPAshThe mineral content of a product remaining after complete combustion.EPABottom ash, air pollution control residue and other residuals of the combustion process from an incinerator utilized for the combustion of municipal solid waste. (CGS Section 22a-285 (1))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPB Back-End SystemAny of several processes for recovering resources from the organic portion of the waste stream (Ex.: Fluid bed incineration; Pyrolysis; Composting; Combustion; Fiber reclamation).Global Recycling NetworkBacteriaMicroscopic living organisms that can aid in pollution control by metabolizing organiz matter in sewage, oil spills or other pollutants. However, bacteria in soil, water or air can also cause human, animal and plant health problems.EPABacteria are minute organisms capable of breaking down organic matter and, thus, acting against the spread of pollution caused by oil spills or present in sewage. Bacteria, however, can also have a negative effect on the natural world, posing a health risk to humans, plants and animals when present in soil, in air or in liquid.Enviro News & BusinesssBaggedA type of Pay-As-You-Throw system which is enforced by charging residents or businesses for specialized bags. The cost per bag will vary by system and some programs may offer one or more free bags each collection interval. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectBale(r)Compacting solid waste into blocks to reduce volume and simplify handling.EPAA machine which compacts waste or recycling materials to reduce volume, usually into rectangular bundles.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaA densified and bound cube of recycled materials (Business Recycling Manual, INFORM & Recourse Systems, 1991)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPBeneficationThe mechanical processing of waste glass to decontaminate it and crush it to a more uniform size.Global Recycling NetworkBest Management Practice (BMP)Methods that have been determined to be the most effective, practical means of preventing or reducing pollution from non-point sources.EPABi-Metal CanBeverage containers with steel bodies and aluminum tops; handled differently from pure aluminum in recycling.EPAA can made from two or more metals, usually steel and tin or aluminum. Generally used to refer to beverage cans with steel bodies and aluminum tops, whereas “steel”; or “tin” generally refer to steel cans coated with tin.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaBiodegradableCapable of decomposing under natural conditions.EPAAble to break down or decompose rapidly under natural conditions and processes.Global Recycling NetworkBiodegradable Packaging Institute (BPI)The Biodegradable Products Institute is a multi-stakeholder association of key individuals and groups from government, industry and academia, which promotes the use, and recycling of biodegradable polymeric materials (via composting). (BPI)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPBiodegradable PlasticA degradable plastic in which the degradation results from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. (ASTM Standard Specification D6400)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPBiological Oxygen Demand (BOD)An indirect measure of the concentration of biologically degradable material present in organic wastes. It usually reflects the amount of oxygen consumed in five days by biological processes breaking down organic waste.EPAThe amount of oxygen needed for aerobic microorganisms to function in organic-rich water such as sewage.Global Recycling NetworkBiological TreatmentA treatment technology that uses bacteria to consume organic wasteEPATechnology that uses bacteria to consume waste/ organic materials.Global Recycling NetworkBiomassAll of the living material in a given area; often refers to vegetation.EPAControlled burning of specified organic materials, such as wood waste, agricultural crop residues, leaves, grass clippings, and prunings to produce electricity or heatCalRecycleBOD5The amount of dissolved oxygen consumed in five days by biological processes breaking down organic matter.EPABottle BankContainers meant to receive beverage bottles which people drop off to be recycled.Global Recycling NetworkBottle BillProposed or enacted legislation which requires a returnable deposit on beer or soda containers and provides for retail store or other redemption. Such legislation is designed to discourage use of throw-away containers.EPAA law requiring deposits on beverage containers.Global Recycling NetworkBottom AshThe non-airborne combustion residue from burning pulverized coal in a boiler; the material which falls to the bottom of the boiler and is removed mechanically; a concentration of non-combustible materials, which may include toxics.EPABrokerA company or individual business which acts as an intermediary by buying sustainable materials, sometimes adding value to the materials and then re-selling them on the market for a higher beneficial use.Re-TRAC ConnectBrown GoodsComputers, televisions, radios and other home electronics. Named during the days when many televisions and radios had wood or fake wood cabinets.CalRecycleObsolete electronic products, such as radios and televisions.Global Recycling NetworkBulky WasteLarge items of waste materials, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, stumps.EPALarge items of solid waste including, but not limited to; appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, branches or stumps which may require special handling due to their size, shape or weight.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaLarge items of waste materials, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, stumps. (Section 22a-208a-1 (10) of the Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies (RCSA))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPBuy-Back CenterFacility where individuals or groups bring reyclables in return for payment.EPAFacility where individuals or groups bring reyclables in return for payment.Re-TRAC ConnectA recycling facility that purchases small amounts of secondary materials from the public.Global Recycling NetworkC CapA layer of clay, or other impermeable material installed over the top of a closed landfill to prevent entry of rainwater and minimize leachate.EPACapture RateThe capture rate tells us how much of what should be recycled is actually being recycled, and is calculated from records of collected tonnages divided by total tons of available recyclables.Re-TRAC ConnectThe percentage of generated secondary materials actually recovered from a household or business.Global Recycling NetworkCarbon FootprintThe total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly and indirectly to support human activities, usually expressed in equivalent tons of either carbon or carbon dioxide.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementA carbon footprint is a specific type of ecological footprint, and a measure of the greenhouse gas emissions for which a particular person, product, corporation or event is directly or indirectly responsible.Enviro News & BusinesssA measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. (Carbonfootprint.com)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPChlorofluorocarbons (CFC)A family of inert, nontoxic, and easily liquefied chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone. are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone.EPAFamily of inert, nontoxic and easily liquified chemicals manufactured for use as coolants, cleaning solvents, plastic, aerosol propellants and foam insulation.Global Recycling NetworkChlorofluorocarbons are a group of inactive chemicals historically employed in a variety of scenarios such as in refrigeration and in aerosol cans. Their association with ozone layer damage led to a ban being imposed on CFC production in recent years.Enviro News & BusinesssClean WoodAny wood which is derived from such products as pallets, skids, spools, packaging materials, bulky wood waste, or scraps from newly built wood products. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1 (11))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPClimate ChangeThe term ‘climate change’ is sometimes used to refer to all forms of climatic inconsistency, but because the Earth’s climate is never static, the term is more properly used to imply a significant change from one climatic condition to another. In some cases, ‘climate change’ has been used synonymously with the term, ‘global warming; scientists however, tend to use the term in the wider sense to also include natural changes in climate.EPAClimate change refers, in theory, to a sustained weather-related change affecting either a specific area or a much wider one, in terms of shifts in temperature, rainfall and/or wind. Such change can refer to a natural process but, in modern times, it has become associated with human activity and the release of greenhouse gases.Enviro News & BusinesssCo-CollectionThe collection of bagged recyclables together with other municipal garbage, separated later for recycling or disposal.Global Recycling NetworkCollaborative ConsumptionAn economic model based on the reuse (sharing, swapping, trading, renting) of goods, thereby encouraging access to goods over ownership of goods. Synomous with sharing economy.Reuse AllianceCollectorPublic or private hauler that collects nonhazardous waste and recyclable materials from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial sources.EPAAn entity providing materials and/or solid waste collection services in a community or region. A collection service provider could be a public, private, or non-profit entity.Re-TRAC ConnectCommercial SectorCommercial sector waste comes from all businesses, small and large, including wholesale and retail sales, restaurants, manufacturing, and transport. The commercial sector also includes government, schools, institutions, fairs and expositions, and other special events.CalRecycleCommingled recyclablesMixed recyclables that are collected together.EPARefers to different types of recyclable materials combined (mixed together). Commingled recyclable materials typically require sorting after collection before they can be processed for recycling.Re-TRAC ConnectMixed recyclables that are collected or processed together.Global Recycling NetworkRecyclable materials that are mixed together for collection. Commingled materials must be separated after collection for shipment to end users.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaMixed recyclables that are collected together. (Business Recycling Manual, INFORM & Recourse Systems, 1991)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPComminutionMechanical shredding or pulverizing of waste. Used in both solid waste management and wastewater treatment.EPAMechanical shredding or pulverizing of waste; used in solid and water waste treatment.Global Recycling NetworkCompact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)Small fluorescent lamps used as more efficient alternatives to incandescent lighting. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPCompactionReduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping.EPAAny power-driven mechanical equipment designed to compress waste materials. Usually attached to an enclosed rolloff container.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaCompostA humus or soil-like material created from aerobic, microbial decomposition of organic materials such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and manure.EPAA mixture of garbage, degradable trash and soil in which bacteria in the soil break down the mixture into a soil conditioner (not a fertilizer). It has high organic content but low nitrogen.Global Recycling NetworkCompost is produced when organic matter decomposes with the help of air. It has multiple environmental applications, including fertilisation, soil conditioning and, away from the fields, in the wetland-build process.Enviro News & BusinesssCompostableCapable of undergoing biological decomposition in a compost site as part of an available program, such that the material is not visually distinguishable and breaks down into carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass, at a rate consistent with known compostable materials. (ASTM Standard Specification D6002)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPCompostable PlasticA plastic that undergoes degradation by biological processes during composting to yield CO2, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass at a rate consistent with other known compostable materials and leave no visible, distinguishable or toxic residue. (ASTM Standard Specification D6400)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPCompostingThe controlled biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting include mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing it or turning it periodically.EPAThe process of collecting, grinding, mixing, piling, and supplying sufficient moisture and air to organic materials to speed natural decay.CalRecycleCompost is organic material that can be used as a soil amendment or as a medium to grow plants. Mature compost is a stable material with content called humus that is dark brown or black and has a soil-like, earthy smell. It is created by: combining organic wastes (e.g., yard trimmings, food wastes, manures) in proper ratios into piles, rows, or vessels; adding bulking agents (e.g., wood chips) as necessary to accelerate the breakdown of organic materials; and allowing the finished material to fully stabilize and mature through a curing process. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectA controlled process that breaks organic matter into a stable material called humus.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaA process of accelerated biological decomposition of organic material under controlled conditions. (CGS Section 22a-207a (1))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPComposting Facility(1) An offsite facility where the organic component of municipal solid waste is decomposed under controlled conditions.
(2) An aerobic process in which organic materials are ground or shredded and then decomposed to humus in windrow piles or in mechanical digesters, drums, or similar enclosures.EPAConstruction and Demolition Waste (C&D Waste)Waste building materials, dredging materials, tree stumps, and rubble resulting from construction, remodeling, repair, and demolition of homes, commercial buildings and other structures and pavements. May contain lead, asbestos, or other hazardous substances.EPABuilding materials and solid waste from construction, deconstruction, remodeling, repair, cleanup, or demolition operations that are not “hazardous”CalRecycleConstruction and demolition (C and D) materials consist of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings, roads, and bridges. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectAll municipal and residual waste building materials, grubbing waste, and rubble resulting from construction, remodeling, repair and demolition operations on houses, commercial buildings and other structures and pavement.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaWaste building materials and packaging resulting from construction, remodeling, repair and demolition operations. (CGS Section 22a-208x (1); RCSA Section 22a-208a (13))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPConstruction and Demolition Waste Processing FacilityA volume reduction plant, the operations of which involve solely the reduction in volume of construction and demolition waste generated elsewhere. (RCSA Section 22a-208a (14))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPContaminantAny physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air, water, or soil.EPAMaterial of one type that is an impurity for another type of material. For example, metal is a contaminant in plastic recycling.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaContaminationIntroduction into water, air, and soil of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, or wastewater in a concentration that makes the medium unfit for its next intended use. Also applies to surfaces of objects, buildings, and various household and agricultural use products.EPAContract CollectionCollection by a private collector under a formal agreement with a municipal authority in which the rights and duties of the respective parties are set forth. (CGS Section 22a-207 (17))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPConventional ReuseWhen the item is used again as-is for the same function it was manufactured for.Reuse AllianceCorrugated cardboardStructural paper material with an inner core shaped in rigid parallel furrows and ridges. Does not refer to linerboard or paperboard such as that use for cereal boxes.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaCover MaterialSoil used to cover compacted solid waste in a sanitary landfill.EPACradle-to-Grave or Manifest SystemA procedure in which hazardous materials are identified and followed as they are produced, treated, transported, and disposed of by a series of permanent, linkable, descriptive documents (e.g. manifests).EPAA system that handles solid waste from creation through disposal.Global Recycling NetworkThis framework seeks to create production techniques that are not just efficient but are essentially waste free. In cradle to cradle production all material inputs and outputs are seen either as technical or biological nutrients. Technical nutrients can be recycled or reused with no loss of quality and biological nutrients composted or consumed.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementCreative ReuseIs when the addition of innovation/creativity brings a new function to unwanted materials (e.g. furniture made of old sign posts, jewelry made of scrap materials). Synonymous with upcycling and repurposing.Reuse AllianceCrumb RubberGround rubber fragments the size of sand or silt used in rubber or plastic products, or processed further into reclaimed rubber or asphalt products.EPACryogenic Size ReductionProcess in which flexible substances are made brittle by cooling to extremely low temperatures, using liquid nitrogen and ground rubber.Global Recycling NetworkCulletCrushed glass.EPACrushed glass which can be added to a batch of new materials in the manufacturing of new glass products. It increases the rate of heat gain by batch and reduces fuel costs. Domestic cullet if produced in house during the manufacturing process. Foreign cullet if it comes from an external source.Global Recycling NetworkClean, color-sorted, crushed glass that is used in glass making to speed up the melting of silica sand. The use of cullet reduces energy costs of glass manufacturing.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaCurbside CollectionMethod of collecting recyclable materials at homes, community districts or businesses.EPAA method of collecting recyclables, organic materials, and/or waste at individual homes or places of business by collection service providers for transfer to a designated collection site, processing facility, or disposal facilities.Re-TRAC ConnectD DecompositionThe breakdown of matter by bacteria and fungi, changing the chemical makeup and physical appearance of materials.EPADecomposition refers to the disintegration of organisms due to the intervention of fungi and bacteria a process that alters the organisms chemical properties and appearance. The speed at which decomposition can take place depends upon many factors including environmental features like temperature and air quality.Enviro News & BusinesssDeconstructionIs the process of selectively dismantling a building into its components so that materials can be reused and/or recycled. It differs from demolition, where reuse and recycling are not taken into consideration.Reuse AllianceA technique practitioners are using to salvage valuable building materials, reduce the amount of waste they send to landfills, and mitigate other environmental impacts. It is the disassembly of a building and the recovery of its materials, often thought of as construction in reverse. (EPA, Lifecycle Construction Resource Guide)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPDecontaminationRemoval of harmful substances such as noxious chemicals, harmful bacteria or other organisms, or radioactive material from exposed individuals, rooms and furnishings in buildings, or the exterior environment.EPADegradable PlasticA plastic designed to undergo a significant change in its chemical structure under specific environmental conditions. (ASTM Standard Specification D6400)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPDemand-side Waste ManagementPrices whereby consumers use purchasing decisions to communicate to product manufacturers that they prefer environmentally sound products packaged with the least amount of waste, made from recycled or recyclable materials, and containing no hazardous substances.EPADirect EmissionsEmissions from sources that are owned or operated, in whole or in part, by an entity or facility. (CGS Section 22a-200 (1))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPDisposablesConsumer products, other items, and packaging used once or a few times and discarded.EPAConsumer products, items and packaging used once or a few times and discarded.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaDisposalFinal placement or destruction of toxic, radioactive, or other wastes; surplus or banned pesticides or other chemicals; polluted soils; and drums containing hazardous materials from removal actions or accidental releases. Disposal may be accomplished through use of approved secure landfills, surface impoundments, land farming, deep-well injection, ocean dumping, or incineration.EPAAll waste created by all sources within each jurisdiction (including businesses, government agencies and residents) which is disposed at CalRecycle-permitted landfills or CalRecycle-permitted transformation facilities, or is exported from the state.CalRecycleThe incineration, deposition, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing of solid waste into or on the land or water in a manner that the solid waste or a constituent of the solid waste enters the environment, is emitted into the air or is discharged into the waters.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaDiversion(1) Use of part of a stream flow as water supply.
(2) A channel with a supporting ridge on the lower side constructed across a slope to divert water at a non-erosive velocity to sites where it can be used and disposed of.EPAFor waste measurement purposes, diversion is any combination of waste prevention (source reduction), recycling, reuse and composting activities that reduces waste disposed at CalRecycle-permitted landfills and transformation facilities.CalRecycleDiversion CreditsA financial incentive provided to municipalities or private recycling operations based on the tonnage diverted from the waste stream.Global Recycling NetworkDiversion RateThe percentage of waste materials diverted from traditional disposal such as landfilling or incineration to be recycled, composted, or re-used.EPAThe percentage of its total waste that a jurisdiction diverted from disposal at CalRecycle-permitted landfills and transformation facilities through reduction, reuse, recycling programs, and composting programs.CalRecycleThe percentage of material that has been diverted from, and prevented from being disposed in, a waste disposal facility through reuse, recycling, or composting.Re-TRAC ConnectDrop-off CenterRecyclable materials collection method in which individuals bring them to a designated collection site.EPAAn installed or mobile collection station typically designated, through container design and signage, for the collection of specific materials such as reusable materials, organics, recyclables, household hazardous waste, or waste. People transport and leave materials at a depot or a drop-off station.Re-TRAC ConnectA central, predesignated area, building, or facility set up to receive recyclables which are dropped off by individuals. (Business Recycling Manual)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPDual StreamRecovered materials are received in two streams, typically fiber (newspaper, magazines and catalogs, mixed paper, cardboard, etc.) and commingled containers (plastic, glass, metal, and sometimes aseptic containers). Separation of materials is accomplished by a combination of automated equipment and manual sorting.Re-TRAC ConnectCollection system where recyclables are funneled into two streams – usually one is paper/fiber and the other is containers. (CT DEEP)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPDumpA site used to dispose of solid waste without environmental controls.EPADurablesGoods that are designed to be used for many years and/or to replace disposables/single-use items. See also reusables.Reuse AllianceSturdy items, like furniture or appliances, that can be used for many years. When people repair these products instead of buying new ones, they save money and reduce waste. (EPA Mission to Earth/Kids Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPE E-Scrap (Electronic Waste)Include TVs and other video equipment, computers, assorted peripherals, audio equipment, and phones, among others. It is whole electronic equipment or parts that are readily marketable for reuse or can be recycled for materials recovery.Re-TRAC ConnectEmbodied Energyincludes all non-renewable energy, direct and indirect, used to transform or transport raw materials into products and buildings, including inherent energy contained in raw or feedstock materials that are also used as common energy sources. (The Athena Insitute)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPEnd User (End Market)Consumer of products for the purpose of recycling. Excludes products for re-use or combustion for energy recovery.EPARefers to the user of material that has been diverted from a waste disposal facility and returned to the materials economy (marketplace) as a feedstock or raw material.Re-TRAC ConnectEnergy RecoveryObtaining energy from wasteHelp waste Refuse from places of human or animal habitation. through a variety of processes (e.g. combustion)EPAEnvironmental Equity/JusticeEqual protection from environmental hazards for individuals, groups, or communities regardless of race, ethnicity, or economic status. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPExtended Producer Responsibility (EPR)Product stewardship is a product-centered approach to environmental protection. Also known as extended product responsibility (EPR), product stewardship calls on those in the product life cycle-manufacturers, retailers, users, and disposers-to share responsibility for reducing the environmental impacts of products.Re-TRAC ConnectEnvironmental protection strategy to reach an environmental objective of a decreased total environmental impact from a product, by making the manufacturer of the product responsible for the entire life-cycle of the product and especially for the take-back, recycling and final disposal of the product. (Thomas Lindhqvist, Towards an Extended Producer Responsibility, April 1992 via Institute of Local Self Reliance)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPF Fats, Oils, & GreaseLiquid fats and solid meat products are materials that should not be sent to landfills or disposed of in the sanitary sewer system. Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) can clog pipes and pumps both in the public sewer lines as well as in wastewater treatment facilities. This prevents combined sewer overflows, which protects water quality and lowers bills. FOG should be sent to the rendering industry to be made into another product, converted to biofuels, or sent to an anaerobic digester.EPAFerrous MetalsMagnetic metals derived from iron or steel; products made from ferrous metals include appliances, furniture, containers, and packaging like steel drums and barrels. Recycled products include processing tin/steel cans, strapping, and metals from appliances into new products.EPAMetals which contain iron. These metals may have small amounts of other elements added, to give the required properties. All ferrous metals are magnetic and give little resistance to corrosion.Re-TRAC ConnectIron and steel products, including tin coated food and beverage cans.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaFillMan-made deposits of natural soils or rock products and waste materialsEPAFlow Control LawLocal ordinance controlling, or giving a municipal official authority to control, the collection and/or disposal of municipal solid waste produced in a specific geographical area.Global Recycling NetworkFly AshNon-combustible residual particles expelled by flue gas.EPAFood ChainA sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food sourceEPAFood Processing WasteFood residues produced during agricultural and industrial operations.EPAFood Waste (Food Scraps)Uneaten food and food preparation wastes from residences and commercial establishments such as grocery stores, restaurants, and produce stands, institutional cafeterias and kitchens, and industrial sources like employee lunchrooms.EPAAny food substance, raw or cooked, which is discarded, or intended or required to be discarded. Food wastes are the organic residues generated by the handling, storage, sale, preparation, cooking, and serving of foods. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectForced DepositRequires a monetary deposit on beverage containers which is returned to the consumer when the containers are returned to the retailer.Global Recycling NetworkFranchise haulerAny waste hauler that has a contract granted by a county board of supervisors, after a competitive bidding process, for the collection, disposal or destruction, or any combination thereof, of garbage, waste, offal or debris.CalRecycleFront-End SeperationA system in which certain materials removed from the waste stream are directed toward a specific recovery system such as recycling or waste to energy incineration.Global Recycling NetworkG GarbageAnimal and vegetable waste resulting from the handling, storage, sale, preparation, cooking, and serving of foods.EPAAny solid waste derived from animal, grain, fruit or vegetable matter that is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms with sufficient rapidity to cause such nuisances as odors, gases or vectors.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaGaylordThe trade name for a large, reusable corrugated container used for shipping materials.Global Recycling Network”The trade name for a large reusable corrugated container used for shipping materials (dimensions approximately 40 by 48 by 37 inches) (Business Recycling Manual, INFORM & Recourse Systems, 1991)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPGenerationThe total amount of waste produced by a jurisdiction. The basic formula is disposal plus diversion equals generation.CalRecycleGradingRating of waste or recyclable materials into homogenous categories by type and quality.Global Recycling NetworkGrasscyclingSource reduction activities in which grass clippings are left on the lawn after mowing.EPAGreen RemediationThe practice of considering all environmental effects of remedy implementation and incorporating options to maximize the net environmental benefit of cleanup actions. (EPA CLU-IN)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPGreenhouse EffectThe warming of the Earth’s atmosphere attributed to a buildup of carbon dioxide or other gases; some scientists think that this build-up allows the sun’s rays to heat the Earth, while making the infra-red radiation atmosphere opaque to infra-red radiation, thereby preventing a counterbalancing loss of heat.EPAThe greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap radiation from the sun. These gases which include carbon dioxide permit the passing through of sunshine, but absorb the heat thrown up by the earth’s surface.Enviro News & BusinesssGreenhouse GasA gas, such as carbon dioxide or methane, which contributes to potential climate change.EPAGreenhouse gases are defined as any gases that impact negatively on the environment by contributing to the greenhouse effect, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. Fossil fuel burning and deforestation are both key greenhouse gas-producing processes.Enviro News & BusinesssAny chemical or physical substance that is emitted into the air and that the Commissioner of Environmental Protection may reasonably anticipate to cause or contribute to climate change. (CGS Section 22a-200 (4))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPGrindingA size reduction technique that usually utilizes a series of rollers.Global Recycling NetworkGround WaterThe supply of fresh water found beneath the Earth’s surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. Because ground water is a major source of drinking water, there is growing concern over contamination from leaching agricultural or industrial pollutants or leaking underground storage tanks.EPAThe portion of the water beneath the surface of the earth that can be collected through the use of wells, tunnels, or drainage galleries. Groundwater also flows naturally to the earth’s surface via seeps or springs.Enviro News & BusinesssH HalogenA type of incandescent lamp with higher energy-efficiency that standard ones.EPAHaulerGarbage collection company that offers complete refuse removal service; many will also collect recyclables.EPAAny person, firm, co-partnership, association or corporation who has been licensed to collect, transport and dispose of waste for a fee. Haulers that handle only recyclable materials are not required to obtain a license.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaHazardous WasteBy-products of society that can pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed. Possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity), or appears on special EPA lists.EPAA hazardous substance is defined as any kind of material that could be detrimental both to the environment and to the preservation of human health. Toxic, explosive or corrosive materials all fall under this category.Enviro News & BusinesssAny solid waste or combination of solid wastes, as defined in Act 97, which because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may; 1) cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in morbidity in either an individual or the total population; or 2) post a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of or otherwise managed.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaAny waste material which may pose a present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly disposed of, treated, stored, transported, or otherwise managed. (CGS Section 22a-115 (1))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPHazardous Waste MinimizationReducing the amount of toxicity or wasteproduced by a facility via source reduction or environmentally sound recycling.EPAHigh Density Polyethylene (HDPE)A material used to make plastic bottles and other products that produces toxic fumes when burned.EPALabeled plastic code 2 on the bottom of the container, and refers to a plastic often used to make bottles for milk, juice, water and laundry products. It is also used to make plastic grocery bags.Re-TRAC ConnectUsed to make plastic bottles, milk cartons and other products. It produces toxic fumes when burned. Often referred to as No.2 Plastic.Global Recycling NetworkA type of plastic used to make milk jugs and other rigid plastic bottles (City Cycle, 1990) A material used to make plastic bottles and other products that produces toxic fumes when burned. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPHousehold CollectionIndividualized set out of recyclables where each household or unit sets out its own container of recyclables for collection from a designated location or aggregated centralized collection where residents in a multi-family complex all place their recyclables in central storage containers serving the whole complex.Connecticut Department of Energy and EPHousehold Hazardous Waste (HHW)Hazardous products used and disposed of by residential as opposed to industrial consumers. Includes paints, stains, varnishes, solvents, pesticides, and other materials or products containing volatile chemicals that can catch fire, react or explode, or that are corrosive or toxic.EPAHazardous waste materials discarded, typically in small quantities, by households (as opposed to large quantities disposed by businesses). Typical household hazardous wastes include used motor oil and oil filters, antifreeze and other vehicle fluids, paints and varnishes, pesticides, and cleaning supplies.CalRecycleLeftover household products that contain corrosive, toxic, ignitable, or reactive ingredients. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectSolid waste comprised of garbage and rubbish which originates in the residential private household or apartment house.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaHousehold Waste (Domestic Waste)Solid waste, compposed of garbage and rubbish, which normally orgininates in a private home or apartment house. Domestic waste may contain a significant amount of toxic or hazardous waste.EPAHumusThe substance which results from decay of plant or animal matter. Biodegradable matters form humus as they decompose.Global Recycling NetworkThe dark or black carbon-rich relatively stable residue resulting from the decomposition of organic matter. (On Farm Composting Handbook)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPI Incandescent LampA lamp that produces light by heating up a filament of wire inside a bulb with an electric current, causing incandescence. The glass bulb containing the filament is filled with a nonreactive gas, such as argon, to prevent the wire from burning. (American Heritage Science Dictionary, 2002 via dictionary.com)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPIncinerationA treatment technology involving destruction of waste by controlled burning at high temperatures; e.g., burning sludge to remove the water and reduce the remaining residues to a safe, non-burnable ash that can be disposed of safely on land, in some waters, or in underground locations.EPAIncinerators are used to burn hazardous waste primarily for waste destruction/treatment purposes; however, some energy or material recovery can occur. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectIncineration refers to the process of destruction of, or treatment of, waste material by burning it in an incinerator. The activity reduces this material to ashes, and generates intense heat which can be drawn upon as a power source.Enviro News & BusinesssA plant designed to reduce waste volume by combustion.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaIndirect EmissionsEmissions associated with the consumption of purchased electricity, steam and heating or cooling by an entity or facility. (CGS Section 22a-200 (5))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPIndustrial Pollution PreventageCombinatiion of industrial source reduction and toxic chemical use substitution.EPAIndustrial Process WasteResidues produced during manufacturing operations.EPAIndustrial Source ReductionPractices that reduce the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment. Also reduces the threat to public health and the environment associated with such releases. Term includes equipment or technology modifications, substitution of raw materials, and improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training or inventory control.EPAIndustrial WasteUnwanted materials from an industrial operation; may be liquid, sludge, soilid, or hazardous waste.EPAInstitutional PopulationThe population in your community living in facilities or institutional settings that manage their own waste and recycling programs. Universities and prisons are some examples. Institutional population is subtracted from Total population to determine Net Residential population for the purposes of calculating the amount of material collected from residential collection programs.Re-TRAC ConnectInstitutional WasteWaste generated at institutions such as schools, libraries, hospitals, prisons, etc.EPAIntegrated Waste ManagementUsing a variety of practices to handle municipal solid waste; can include source reduction, recycling, incineration, and landfilling.EPAU.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommendation that promotes solid waste management through an integrated system that uses resource reduction, recycling, waste to energy incineration and landfilling to manage the reclamation, reuse or disposal of plastics in the waste stream.Global Recycling NetworkIntermediate Processing Center (IPC)Facility that separates, cleans and bails or packages materials for sale to manufacturers or brokers.Global Recycling NetworkA facility which can recycle an item or items and market or deliver for reuse the resulting material product or products. Such facilities may be owned by the public or private entities or combinations thereof and may offer service on a state, regional, municipal or submunicipal level. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1-(a) (18))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPIntermediate Processing Facility (IPF)facility where glass, metals, paper products, batteries, household hazardous waste, fertilizers and other items are removed from the waste stream for recycling or reuse. [Often referred to as an Intermediate Processing Center or IPC] (CGS Section 22a-260 (25))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPL Lamp Recycling FacilityA facility operated to remove, recover or recycle for reuse mercury, metals, phosphorous powder, gases, glass or other materials from fluorescent or high intensity discharge lamps. Such a facility shall be considered a volume reduction plant. (CGS Section 22a-209e)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPLand Clearing DebrisTrees, stumps, branches, or other wood generated from clearing land for commercial or residential development, road construction, routine landscaping, agricultural land clearing, storms, or natural disasters. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1 (a) (19))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPLand Clearing/Clean Wood Processing FacilityA volume reduction plant, the operations of which involve solely the reduction in volume of land clearing debris or clean wood generated elsewhere. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1 (a) (20))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPLandfill CapacityTotal amount of remaining landfill space (in years) of permitted solid waste for disposal. Some states apply volume (cubic yards) or weight (tonnage) to determine remaining capacity.Re-TRAC ConnectLandfilled with Energy RecoveryEnergy recovery from waste is the conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into useable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes, including combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas (LFG) recovery. This process is often called waste-to-energy (WTE). (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectLandfilled with FlaringA process used when the gas extraction rates at a landfill do not warrant energy recovery, therefore gas is simply flared (burned) off.Re-TRAC ConnectLandfillsDefinition 1: Sanitary landfills are disposal sites for non-hazardous solid wastes spread in layers, compacted to the smallest practical volume, and covered by material applied at the end of each operating day.
Definition 2: Secure chemical landfills are disposal sites for hazardous waste, selected and designed to minimize the chance of release of hazardous substances into the environment.EPAA private or municipal site where non-hazardous solid or municipal waste is buried.Global Recycling NetworkA landfill is an area demarcated for the disposal of non-hazardous waste. The waste itself is compressed down in size before a blanket of soil is applied on top, effectively burying it.Enviro News & BusinesssLarge Quantity GeneratorPerson or facility generating more than 2200 pounds of hazardous waste per month. Such generators produce about 90 percent of the nation’s hazardous waste, and are subject to all RCRA requirements.EPALeachateWater that collects contaminants as it trickles through wastes, pesticides or fertilizers. Leaching in farming areas, feedlots, and landfills, and may result in hazardous substances entering surface water, ground water, or soil.EPALiquid that passes through, and escapes from, a landfill. The liquid is created from the rainfall and liquids present in the deposited waste that percolates down through the soil and garbage carrying many toxins with it as it travels to areas surrounding the landfill.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaLeachate Collection SystemA system that gathers leachate and pumps it to the surface for treatment.EPALeachingThe process by which soluble constituents are dissolved and filtered through the soil by a percolating fluid.EPALife Cycle of a ProductAll stages of a product’s development, from extraction of fuel for power to production, marketing, use, and disposal.EPALife cycle is a widely-applied term, but in an environmental sense, it can be applied to a product to describe its existence from conception and development, through manufacture, use and, finally, disposal, at which point it might be fed back into the system through recycling.Enviro News & BusinesssLinerDefinition 1: A relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside a landfill. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay.
Definition 2: An insert or sleeve for sewer pipes to prevent leakage or infiltration.EPABarrier designed to prevent the leaching of contents from a landfill. Commonly comprised of plastic or dense clay.Global Recycling NetworkLitterDefinition 1: The highly visible portion of solid waste carelessly discarded outside the regular garbage and trash collection and disposal system.
Definition 2: Leaves and twigs fallen from forest trees.EPALow Density Polyethylene (LDPE)Plastic material used for both rigid containers and plastic film applications.EPALabeled plastic code 4, is often used to manufacture plastic dry cleaning bags. LDPE is also used to manufacture some flexible lids and bottles. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectOften referred as No.4 Plastic.Global Recycling NetworkM Mail-Back ProgramA type of product stewardship program whereby households are able to mail their waste consumer product back to the manufacturer.Re-TRAC ConnectMandatory RecyclingPrograms which by law require consumers to separate trash so that some or all recyclable materials are recovered for recycling rather than going to landfills or incineratorsEPAManifestA one-page form used by haulers transporting wastes hat lists EPA identification numbers, type and quantity of waste, the generator it originated from, the transporter that shipped it, and the storage or disposal facility to which it is being shipped. It includes copies for all participants in the shipping process.EPAManual SeparationHand sorting of recyclable or compostable materials in waste.EPAA labor intensive system of collecting waste, recyclables and/or organics in which workers manually pick up and empty material collected in collection bins into the collection vehicle, and then return the bins to their original position.Re-TRAC ConnectMarketingThe return of recyclables to productive use. Marketing may involve the sale of materials, or be a transaction without pay. In some instances, marketing may involve payment to a user (City Cycle, 1990)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMarketsThe businesses who accept recyclable materials for reuse or processing, either for their own consumption or for resale. A public agency may also be a market. (City Cycle, 1990)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMaterials ExchangeA service that facilitates the exchange of goods between an organization that has reusable goods they no longer need to another organization that can use them. Helps divert usable materials from the landfill. These exchanges can be done through brokering and/or through an automated online interface. Synonymous with materials exchange.Reuse AllianceMaterials Recovery Facility (MRF)A facility that processes residentially collected mixed recyclables into new products available for market.EPAMore commonly called a MRF (pronounced “Murf”). An intermediate processing facility designed to remove recyclables and other valuable materials from the waste stream. A “dirty MRF” removes reusable materials from unseparated trash. A “clean MRF” separates materials from commingled recyclables, typically collected from residential or commercial curbside programs.CalRecycleA specialized plant that receives separates and prepares recyclable materials for marketing to end-user manufacturers.Re-TRAC ConnectA recycling facility that sorts and processes collected mixed recyclables into individual streams for market. Also known as an intermidiate processing center (IPC).Global Recycling NetworkMaterial Safety Data SheetA compilation of information required under the OSHA Communication Standard on the identity of hazardous chemicals, health, and physical hazards, exposure limits, and precautions. Section 311 of SARA requires facilities to submit MSDSs under certain circumstances.EPAMaximum Diversion RateA calculation that selects default or standard adjustment factors–population, employment, taxable sales, consumer price index–resulting in the highest diversion rate for a jurisdiction.CalRecycleMedical WasteAny solid waste generated in the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologicals, excluding hazardous waste identified or listed under 40 CFR Part 261 or any household waste as defined in 40 CFR Sub-section 261.4 (b)(1).EPAUntreated medical waste regulated under the Medical Waste Management Act that is not defined as solid waste and cannot be disposed at CalRecycle-permitted landfillsCalRecycleMethaneA colorless, nonpoisonous, flammable gas created by anaerobic decomposition of organiccompounds. A major component of natural gas used in the home.EPAMiddenA pit in which trash or garbage is buried. Usually only organic garbage.Global Recycling NetworkMinimum Diversion RateA calculation that selects default or standard adjustment factors–population, employment, taxable sales, consumer price index (CPI)–resulting in the lowest diversion rate for a jurisdiction.CalRecycleMinimum Recycled Content LawsLaws requiring a product or type of packaging to contain a certain percentage of recycled material.Global Recycling NetworkMixed GlassRecovered container glass not sorted into categories (e.g. color, grade).EPAMixed MetalsRecovered metals not sorted into categories such as aluminum, tin, or steel cans or ferrous or non-ferrous metals. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMixed Municipal Solid WasteSolid waste that has not been sorted into specific categories (such as plastic, glass, yard trimmings, etc.)EPAMunicipal solid waste that consists of mixtures of solid wastes which have not been separated at the source of generation or processed into discrete, homogeneous waste streams such as glass, paper, plastic, aluminum or tire waste streams provided such wastes shall not include any material required to be recycled pursuant to section 22a-241b. (CGS Section 22a-207a (2))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMixed Municipal Solid Waste Composting FacilityA volume reduction plant where mixed municipal solid waste is processed using composting technology. (CGS Section 22a-207a (3))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMixed PaperRecovered paper not sorted into categories such as old magazines, old newspapers, old corrugated boxes, etc.EPAMixed PlasticRecovered plastic unsorted by category.EPAMulchA layer of material (wood chips, straw, leaves, etc.) placed around plants to hold moisture, prevent weed growth, and enrich or sterilize the soil.EPAThe natural and gradual decomposition of dead organic matter that has been evenly distributed in a thin layer on the ground.Global Recycling NetworkA protective cover of organic material placed over soil to preserve soil moisture, prevent erosion, or promote the growth of plants. (RCSA Section 22a-209-1)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMunicipalityAny town, city or borough within the state. (CGS Section 22a-207 (11))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPMuniciple Solid WasteCommon garbage or trash generated by industries, businesses, institutions, and homes.EPAIncludes wastes such as durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging, food scraps, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources. MSW does not include sewage, hazardous waste, nonhazardous industrial waste, construction and demolition debris, or automobile bodies (household hazardous waste is MSW). (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectResidential and commercial trash and/or garbage generated by a particular municipal area.Global Recycling NetworkMunicipal waste is a term covering the waste that emanates from houses in the form of rubbish/ garbage, so, generally speaking, excludes hazardous material. It includes materials capable of being recycled or of biodegrading.Enviro News & BusinesssAny garbage, refuse, industrial lunchroom or other material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous material, resulting from operation or residential, municipal, commercial or institutional establishments and from community activities and any sludge not meeting the definition of residual or hazardous waste in the Solid Waste Management Act from a municipal, commercial or institutional water supply treatment plant, wastewater treatment plant or air pollution control facility. The term does not include source separated recyclable materials.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaN New Municipal Solid Waste Disposal AreaA solid waste facility or expansion thereof, other than a vertical expansion, for the disposal of municipal solid waste, for which facility or expansion a completed application under CGS Sections 22a-430 and 22a-208 is received by the Commissioner after the effective date of RCSA Section 22a-209-14. (RCSA Section 22a-209-1)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPNew ScrapMaterial which is discarded during a manufacturing or processing operation and which cannot be directly fed back to that operation.Global Recycling NetworkNitrogenous WasteAnimal or vegetable residues that contain significant amounts of nitrogen.EPANon-Ferrous MetalsNonmagnetic metals such as aluminum, lead, and copper. Products made all or in part from such metals include containers, packaging, appliances, furniture, electronic equipment and aluminum foil.EPAMetals which do not contain any iron. These metals are not magnetic and are usually more resistant to corrosion than ferrous metals. Examples are aluminum, copper, zinc, and tin.Re-TRAC ConnectNon-Point SourcesDiffuse pollution sources (i.e. without a single point of origin or not introduced into a receiving stream from a specific outlet). The pollutants are generally carried off the land by storm water. Common non-point sources are agriculture, forestry, urban, mining, construction, dams, channels, land disposal, saltwater intrusion, and city streets.EPAO Office paperHigh grade papers such as copier paper, computer printout, and stationary almost entirely made of uncoated chemical pulp, although some ground wood is used. Such waste is also generated in homes, schools, and elsewhere.EPAUsually includes high-grade office paper as well as envelopes, colored paper and memos. It does not include carbon paper, paper board, newsprint, glossy paper or magazines.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaUsed or discarded high grade white paper and manilla paper, including paper utilized for file folders, tab cards, writing, typing, printing, computer printing, and photocopying, which is suitable for recycling and which has a minimum of contamination (City Cycle)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPOpen BurningUncontrolled fires in an open dump.EPAOpen DumpAn uncovered site used for the disposal of waste without environmental controls.EPAOrdinanceStatutes enacted by a local government for the purpose of regulating human activity and impact on the environment.Re-TRAC ConnectOrganicDefinition 1: Referring to or derived from living organisms.
Definition 2: In chemistry, any compound containing carbon.EPAMaterials that are or were recently living, such as leaves, grass, agricultural crop residues, or food scraps.CalRecycleIn regards to food (both plant and animal) and other agricultural products (such as cotton), a term describing the absence of pesticides, hormones, synthetic fertilizers and other toxic materials in cultivation.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementOrganic Chemicals/CompoundsNaturally occurring (animal or plant-produced or synthetic) substances containing mainly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.EPAOrganic MatterCarbonaceous waste contained in plant or animal matter and originating from domestic or industrial sources.EPAOrtA small scrap or leaving of food after a meal is completed. Often used in the plural. (Dictionary.com)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPOther Ferrous MetalsRecyclable metals from strapping, furniture, and metal found in tires and consumer electronics but does not include metals found in construction materials or cars, locomotives, and ships.EPAOther GlassRecyclable glass from furniture, appliances, and consumer electronics. Does not include glass from transportation products (cars trucks or shipping containers) and construction or demolition debris.EPAOther Nonferrous MetalsRecyclable nonferrous metals such as lead, copper, and zinc from appliances, consumer electronics, and nonpackaging aluminum products. Does not include nonferrous metals from industrial applications and construction and demolition debris.EPAOther PaperFor Recyclable paper from books, third-class mail, commercial printing, paper towels, plates and cups; and other nonpackaging paper such as posters, photographic papers, cards and games, milk cartons, folding boxes, bags, wrapping paper, and paperboard. Does not include wrapping paper or shipping cartons.EPAOther PlasticsRecyclable plastic from appliances, eating utensils, plates, containers, toys, and various kinds of equipment. Does not include heavy-duty plastics such as yielding materials.EPAOther Solid WasteRecyclable nonhazardous solid wastes, other than municipal solid waste, covered under Subtitle D of RARA.EPAOther WoodRecyclable wood from furniture, consumer electronics cabinets, and other nonpackaging wood products. Does not include lumber and tree stumps recovered from construction and demolition activities, and industrial process waste such as shavings and sawdust.EPAP Packer truck, compacter truckA refuse or recycling collection vehicle that compacts the materials. This is the most common type of refuse collection vehicle.Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPalletA wooden platform used in connection with a forklift for moving bales or other large items. Also called a ‘skid’. (Business Recycling Manual, INFORM & Recourse Systems, 1991)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPaperIn the recycling business, refers to products and materials, including newspapers, magazines, office papers, corrugated containers, bags and some paperboard packaging that can be recycled into new paper products.EPAPaper Processor/Plastics ProcessorIntermediate facility where recovered paper or plastic products and materials are sorted, decontaminated, and prepared for final recycling.EPAParticipation RatePortion of population participating in a recycling program.EPAPassively Aerated Windrow System (PAWS)A composting method in which windrows are constructed over a series of perforated plastic pipes, which serve as air ducts for passive aeration. Windrows are not turned. (On Farm Composting Handbook, 1992)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPay-As-You-Throw/Unit-Based Pricing (PAYT)Systems under which residents pay for municipal waste management and disposal services by weight or volume collected, not a fixed fee.EPAResidents are charged for the collection of municipal solid waste–ordinary household trash–based on the amount they throw away. This creates a direct economic incentive to recycle more and to generate less waste (also known as unit pricing or variable-rate pricing). (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectA collections system where residents pay for waste management services per unit of wasted collected rather than through a flat fee, also known as variable rate pricing or unit pricing.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaPer Capita Disposalis a numeric indicator of reported disposal divided by jurisdiction population (residents) or in some cases jurisdiction industry employment (employees) to obtain disposal by individual.CalRecyclePerforatorEquipment that perforates and flattens material, then ejects it into a receptacle or processor. Used to prevent plastic bottles from expanding after flattening.Global Recycling NetworkpHAn expression of the intensity of the basic or acid condition of a liquid; may range from 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acid and 7 is neutral. Natural waters usually have a pH between 6.5 and 8.5.EPAPhotodegradableA process where ultraviolet radiation degrades the chemical bond or link in the polymer or chemical structure of a plastic. See also: Degradability.Global Recycling NetworkPoint SourceA stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged; any single identifiable source of pollution; e.g. a pipe, ditch, ship, ore pit, factory smokestack.EPAPollutionGenerally, the presence of a substance in the environment that because of its chemical composition or quantity prevents the functioning of natural processes and produces undesirable environmental and health effects. Under the Clean Water Act, for example, the term has been defined as the man-made or man-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of water and other media.EPAPollution PreventionDefinition 1: Identifying areas, processes, and activities which create excessive waste products or pollutants in order to reduce or prevent them through, alteration, or eliminating a process. Such activities, consistent with the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990, are conducted across all EPA programs and can involve cooperative efforts with such agencies as the Departments of Agriculture and Energy.
Definition 2: EPA has initiated a number of voluntary programs in which industrial, or commercial or “partners” join with EPA in promoting activities that conserve energy, conserve and protect water supply, reduce emissions or find ways of utilizing them as energy resources, and reduce the waste stream. Among these are: Agstar, to reduce methane emissions through manure management. Climate Wise, to lower industrial greenhouse-gas emissions and energy costs. Coalbed Methane Outreach, to boost methane recovery at coal mines. Design for the Environment, to foster including environmental considerations in product design and processes. Energy Star programs, to promote energy efficiency in commercial and residential buildings, office equipment, transformers, computers, office equipment, and home appliances. Environmental Accounting, to help businesses identify environmental costs and factor them into management decision making. Green Chemistry, to promote and recognize cost-effective breakthroughs in chemistry that prevent pollution. Green Lights, to spread the use of energy-efficient lighting technologies. Indoor Environments, to reduce risks from indoor-air pollution. Landfill Methane Outreach, to develop landfill gas-to-energy projects. Natural Gas Star, to reduce methane emissions from the natural gas industry. Ruminant Livestock Methane, to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock. Transportation Partners, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector. Voluntary Aluminum Industrial Partnership, to reduce perfluorocarbon emissions from the primary aluminum industry. WAVE, to promote efficient water use in the lodging industry. Wastewi$e, to reduce business-generated solid waste through prevention, reuse and recycling.EPAPolyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) (PET)Thermoplastic material used in plastic soft drink and rigid containers.EPATypically labeled plastic code 1 on the bottom of the container. PET is often used for soft drink and disposable water bottles, but can also include other containers or packaging. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectA type of plastic that is clear or colored transparent with high gloss. It is used for carbonated beverage bottles and some household cleanser containers. Often referred to as No. 1 Plastic.Global Recycling NetworkPolylactic acid or Polylactide (PLA)Polylactic acid or Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, thermoplastic, aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources. Corn starch (in the U.S.) or sugarcanes are the common feedstock. Bacterial fermentation is used to produce lactic acid, which is oligomerized and then catalytically dimerized to make the monomer for ring-opening polymerization. It can be easily produced in a high molecular weight form through ring-opening polymerization using most commonly a stannous octoate catalyst, but for laboratory demonstrations tin(II) chloride is often employed. (The Language of Agriculture – Dictionary and Research Guide)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPolypropilenePlastic with a smooth surface that cracks easily when bent and is difficult to scratch. Typical uses are: battery cases, dairy tubs, jar lids, straws and syrup bottles. It is hard to collect in marketable quantities for recycling and has limited uses in its recycled form. Often referred to as No. 5 Plastic.Global Recycling NetworkPolystyrenePlastic with a smooth surface that cracks easily when bent. Used for fast food packaging, styrofoam cups and packing peanuts, it takes up a large part of landfill space because of its bulk. Often referred to as No. 6 Plastic.Global Recycling NetworkPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC)A tough, environmentally indestructible plastic that releases hydrochloric acid when burned.EPALabeled plastics 3 on the bottom. A type of plastic used for making clothes, shoes, water pipes, etc. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectEnvironmentally indestructible plastic that releases toxic hydrocloric acid when burned. It is used for food wraps and containers for personal care products. Often referred to as V-3 or No. 3 Plastic.Global Recycling NetworkPost-ConsumerA term used to describe material that is being reused/recycled after it has been in the consumer’s hands (e.g., a newspaper going back to the paper mill to be recycled into new recycled content paper products). Material or product used by the consumer for its original purpose and then discarded. (Earth911.org)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPost-Consumer Materials/WasteMaterials or finished products that have served their intended use and have been diverted or recovered from waste destined for disposal, having completed their lives as consumer items. Postconsumer materials are part of the broader category of recovered materials.EPAAny household or commercial product which has served its original, intended use.Global Recycling NetworkMaterials generated by a business or consumer that have served their intended end uses and have been diverted from the municipal solid waste stream for the purpose of recycling.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaPost-Consumer RecyclingUse of materials generated from residential and consumer waste for new or similar purposes; e.g. converting wastepaper from offices into corrugated boxes or newsprint.EPAPre-ConsumerA term used to describe material that is being reused/recycled before it ever goes to market (e.g. paper scraps off of a paper mill floor going back into the next batch of paper). Waste material generated during the manufacturing process. (Earth911.org)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPre-Consumer Materials/WasteMaterials generated in manufacturing and converting processes such as manufacturing scrap and trimmings and cuttings. Includes print overruns, overissue publications, and obsolete inventories.EPAWaste produced by converting or printing operations and includes any scraps, trimmings, overruns, etc.Global Recycling NetworkMaterials generated during any step in the production of a product and that have been recovered from or otherwise diverted from the waste stream for reuse in that same industrial process or sale to another industry for use in another industrial process. Examples include trimmings, damaged or obsolete products and production overruns. This type of material is also known as post-industrial material.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaPrecycleSource reduction option whereby evaluation and selection of items for purchase is dependent upon method of manufacture, product content and recyclability of product after consumer use.Global Recycling NetworkPrecycling is a waste reduction measure, carried out by not allowing items into a domestic or corporate environment that could create waste. An example is abandoning the trend of purchasing disposables like newspapers, in favour of online media sources.Enviro News & BusinesssPressed Wood ProductsMaterials used in building and furniture construction that are made from wood veneers, particles, or fibers bonded together with an adhesive under heat and pressure.EPAProcessed Construction and Demolition WoodThe wood portion of construction and demolition waste which has been sorted to remove plastics, plaster, gypsum wallboard, asbestos, asphalt shingles, regulated wood fuel as defined in section 22a-209a and wood which contains creosote or to which pesticides have been applied or which contains substances defined as hazardous waste under section 22a-115. (CGS Section 22a-208x (2))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPProcessed WoodRecycled wood or treated wood or any combination thereof which has been processed at a volume reduction facility permitted under this chapter. (CGS Section 22a-209a (3))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPProcessorRefers to intermediate operators that handle recyclable materials from collectors and generators for the purpose of preparing materials for recycling (MRFs, scrap metal yards, paper dealers and glass beneficiation plants). Processors act as an intermediary between collectors and end users of recyclable materials.Re-TRAC ConnectProcurement ProgramPrograms that encourage the purchase of recycled-content products by companies, jurisdictions and others. Joint recycled-content product purchasing pools and buy-recycled campaigns are two examples.CalRecycleProduct StewardshipProduct stewardship is a principle that directs all participants involved in the life cycle of a product to take shared responsibility for the impacts to human health and the natural environment that result from the production, use and end-of-life management of the product. The greater the ability of a party to influence the life cycle impacts of a product, the greater the degree of that party’s responsibility. The stakeholders typically include manufacturers, retailers, consumers, and government officials. (Product Stewardship Institute)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPPublic SpacePublic Space sector includes high traffic areas that fall outside the coverage of other diversion programs. This sector typically includes: parks, stadiums, transit hubs, shopping centers, convention centers, airports, along streets and at special event sites.Re-TRAC ConnectPutrefactionBiological decomposition of organic matter; associated with anaerobic conditions.EPAPyrolysisDecomposition of a chemical by extreme heat.EPAA process of producing fuels from waste by heating it in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.Global Recycling NetworkR Reclamation(In recycling) Restoration of materials found in the waste stream to a beneficial use which may be for purposes other than the original use.EPAIs the process of collecting and often reprocessing discarded materials for reuse (e.g. beams are collected from a old barn and are transformed into flooring). Synomous with salvage.Reuse AllianceTransformation of solid waste into useful products, such as soil conditioners or recycled materials.
(Reclaimer) – A company that processes post-consumer materials into new productsGlobal Recycling NetworkRecovery RatePercentage of usable recycled materials that have been removed from the total amount of municipal solid wasteHelp municipal solid waste Common garbage or trash generated by industries, businesses, institutions, and homes. generated in a specific area or by a specific business.EPARecyclableMaterials generated by residences and commercial, municipal and institutional establishments which are specified by a municipality and can be separated from municipal waste and returned to commerce to be reused as a resource in the development of useful products. Recyclable materials may include, but are not limited to, clear glass, colored glass, aluminum, steel and bimetal cans, high grade office paper, newsprint, corrugated cardboard, leaf waste, plastics and any other items selected by a municipality or specified in future revisions to Act 101.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaProducts that can be collected and remanufactured into new products after they’ve been used. These products do not necessarily contain recycled materials and only benefit the environment if people recycle them after use. (Earth 911)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRecycleMinimizing waste generation by recovering and reprocessing usable products that might otherwise become waste (.i.e. recycling of aluminum cans, paper, and bottles, etc.).EPAThe process of collecting, sorting, cleansing, treating, and reconstituting materials that would otherwise become solid waste, and returning them to the economic mainstream in the form of raw material for new, reused, or reconstituted products that meet the quality standards necessary to be used in the marketplace.CalRecycleRecycling is the procedure of drawing on used materials, or components of used materials, to create something new. The benefits of this include waste mitigation/ abolishment, a reduced use of raw materials and less in the way of air pollution (which incineration of the used materials would create), so contributing less to the greenhouse effect.Enviro News & BusinesssRecycled WoodAny wood or wood fuel which is derived from such products or processes as pallets, skids, spools, packaging materials, bulky wood waste or scraps from newly built wood products, provided such wood is not treated wood. (CGS Section 22a-209a- (1))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRecycled-contentProducts that contain some recovered materials that might otherwise have been disposed through the waste management infrastructure.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaProducts are made from materials that would otherwise have been discarded. That means these products are made totally or partially from material contained in the products you recycle, like aluminum soda cans or newspaper. Recycled-content products also can be items that are rebuilt or re-manufactured from used products such as toner cartridges or computers. (Earth 911)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRecyclingThe series of activities by which materials that are no longer useful to the generator are collected, sorted, processed, and converted into raw materials and used in the production of new products.Re-TRAC ConnectRecycling is the process of reclaiming materials from used products or materials from their manufacturing and using them in the manufacturing of new products.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementThe collection, separation, recovery and sale or reuse of metals, glass, paper, leaf waste, plastics and other materials which would otherwise be disposed or processed as municipal waste or the mechanized separation and treatment of municipal waste (other that through combustion) and creation and recovery of reusable materials.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaThe processing of solid waste to reclaim material there from (CGS Section 22a-207 (7))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRecycling and Reuse Business Assistance CentersLocated in state solid-waste or economic-development agencies, these centers provide recycling businesses with customized and targeted assistance.EPARecycling Economic Development AdvocatesIndividuals hired by state or tribal economic development offices to focus financial, marketing, and permitting resources on creating recycling businesses.EPARecycling Facility/Recycling CenterLand and appurtenances thereon and structures where recycling is conducted, including but not limited to, an intermediate processing center as defined in section 22a-260. (CGS Section 22a-207 (8))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRecycling MillFacility where recovered materials are remanufactured into new products.EPARecycling Technical Assistance Partnership National NetworkA national information-sharing resource designed to help businesses and manufacturers increase their use of recovered materials.EPARefuseAll solid waste materials which are discarded as uselessProfessional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaRegionTwo or more municipalities which have joined together by creating a district or signing an interlocal agreement or signing a mutual contract for a definite period of time concerning solid waste management within such municipalities. (CGS Section 22a-207 (14))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRegional AuthorityThe administrative body delegated the responsibility of solid waste management for two or more municipalities which have joined together by creating a district or signing an interlocal agreement or signing a mutual contract for a definitive period of time. (CGS Section 22a-207 (13))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRefurbishIs when used products have either been tested and verified to function properly as-is, and/or when defects have been found and repaired ensuring they function properly (e.g. refurbished electronics). See also remanufacturing and repair.Reuse AllianceRegrindGround up recyclable plastics.Global Recycling NetworkRegulated Wood FuelProcessed wood from construction and demolition activities which has been sorted to remove plastics, plaster, gypsum wallboard, asbestos, asphalt shingles and wood which contains creosote or to which pesticides have been applied or which contains substances defined as hazardous under Section 22a-115. (CGS Section 22a-209a (4))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRemanufactureis a process of disassembling, repairing and reassembling a manufactured product so that the product matches the performance of a new product. Remanufacturing requires the repair and/or replacement of components that are worn out, obsolete, and/or subject to degradation that may affect the performance/expected life of the product (e.g. toner remanufacturing). See also refurbish and repair.Reuse AllianceRender, RenderingTo reduce, convert, or melt down (fat) by heating. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal substances; as, to render tallow. Finished product often used in animal feed, cosmetics and soaps.Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRentalIs when goods and equipment are shared and/or rented among a group of users (e.g. Zip Car, Tool Banks). See also sharing economy and collaborative consumption.Reuse AllianceRepairIs when an item is reconditioned so that it can be used for the same function it was manufactured for (e.g. clothing/shoe repair). See also refurbish and remanufacturing.Reuse AllianceRepurposeIs when the addition of innovation/creativity brings a new function to unwanted materials (e.g. furniture made of old sign posts, jewelry made of scrap materials). Synonymous with creative reuse and upcycling.Reuse AllianceResidential WasteWaste generated in single and multi-family homes, including newspapers, clothing, disposable tableware, food packaging, cans, bottles, food scraps, and yard trimmings other than those that are diverted to backyard composting.EPAWaste stream segment generated by single- and multifamily residences, not by businesses or by government offices.CalRecycleResidualAmount of a pollutant remaining in the environment after a natural or technological process has taken place; e.g., the sludge remaining after initial wastewater treatment, or particulates remaining in air after it passes through a scrubbing or other process.EPAResidual waste refers to the material that remains after the process of waste treatment has taken place. Such treatment can include agricultural, industrial and mining. It can also be applied in a more domestic sense, referring to the household rubbish not able to be recycled, re-used or composted.Enviro News & BusinesssAny garbage, refuse, other discarded material or other waste including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous materials resulting from industrial, mining and agricultural operations and any sludge from an industrial, mining or agricultural water supply treatment facility, wastewater treatment facility, or air pollution control facility, provided that it is not hazardous. The term residual waste shall not include coal refuse as defined in the Coal Refuse Disposal Control Act. Residual waste shall not included treatment sludge from coal mine drainage treatment plants, or disposal which is being carried on pursuant to and in compliance with a valid permit issued pursuant to The Clean Streams Law.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaResidueThe dry solids remaining after the evaporation of a sample of water or sludge.EPABottom ash, air pollution control residue, and other residues from the combustion process at resources recovery facilities, wood-burning facilities, municipal solid waste incinerators, and biomedical waste incinerators. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1 (a) (25))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPResource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)Federal law passed in 1976 to address the waste management issues in the United States.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaThe Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) gives EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from the “cradle-to-grave.” This includes the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. RCRA also set forth a framework for the management of non-hazardous solid wastes. The 1986 amendments to RCRA enabled EPA to address environmental problems that could result from underground tanks storing petroleum and other hazardous substances. The Federal Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) are the 1984 amendments to RCRA that focused on waste minimization and phasing out land disposal of hazardous waste as well as corrective action for releases. Some of the other mandates of this law include increased enforcement authority for EPA, more stringent hazardous waste management standards, and a comprehensive underground storage tank program. (EPA, RCRA On-Line))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPResource RecoveryThe process of obtaining matter or energy from materials formerly discarded.EPAResources Recovery FacilityAny process of obtaining matter or energy from materials formerly discarded.Global Recycling NetworkProcessing that provides for the extraction and utilization of materials or energy from municipal waste that is generated off site, including, but not limited to, a facility that mechanically extracts materials from municipal waste, a combustion facility that converts the organic fraction of municipal waste to usable energy, and any chemical and biological process that converts municipal waste into a fuel product. The term does not include compost, methane gas extraction from a municipal waste landfill or recycling facility.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaA facility utilizing processes to reclaim energy from municipal solid waste. (CGS Section 22a-207 (9))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPRestricted WasteRestricted wastes include: agricultural wastes, inert solids (including inert solids used for structural fill), white-coated major appliances, and scrap metals.CalRecycleReusableWhen an item is manufactured to be used over and over again and/or to replace disposable/single-use items (e.g. stainless steel canteens, zero waste lunch kits). See also durables.Reuse AllianceReuseUsing a product or component of municipal solid waste in its original form more than once; e.g., refilling a glass bottle that has been returned or using a coffee can to hold nuts and bolts.EPAThe recovery or reapplication of a package or product for uses similar or identical to its originally intended application, without manufacturing or preparation processes that significantly alter the original package or product.CalRecycleReuse involves extending the life of a product by one of the following methods: using it more than once (same or new function); repairing it so it can be used longer (forgoing the need to replace it with a new item); sharing or renting it from another party; and/or selling or donating it to an other party.Reuse AllianceAny process of obtaining matter or energy from materials formerly discarded.Global Recycling NetworkOften, the most sustainable option is to reuse materials and objects already manufactured, either for their original or new purposes, rather than recycle them into other products. This decreases further energy and materials use in recreating them into a new form.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementUsing a product again for its original purpose or a new purpose rather than disposing of it; for example, refilling a glass bottle.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaRubbishSolid waste, excluding food waste and ashes, from homes, institutions, and workplaces.EPASolid waste that does not contain food waste.Global Recycling NetworkAll non-putresible municipal waste except garbage and other decomposable matter. This category includes but is not limited to ashes, bedding, crockery and non-recyclable paper, glass and metal products.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaRun-OffThat part of precipitation, snow melt, or irrigation water that runs off the land into streams or other surface-water. It can carry pollutants from the air and land into receiving waters.EPARuralAn area characterized as consisting of open country (agricultural or natural land) and low population density.Re-TRAC ConnectS SalvageThe utilization of waste materials.EPAIs the process of collecting and often reprocessing discarded materials for reuse (e.g. beams are collected from a old barn and are transformed into flooring). Synomous with reclaimation.Reuse AllianceThe act of obtaining a secondary material through collection, sorting, etc.Global Recycling NetworkSanitry LandfillA method of disposing refuse on land that is designed to minimize hazards to public health and safety. Modern landfills have impermeable liners and systems to collect leachate, the water that percolates through a landfill and may carry toxins with it.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaScavengerScavenging – The unauthorized and uncontrolled removal of material placed for collection or from a solid waste processing or disposal facility.Professional Recyclers of Pennsylvania1. a person who searches through and collects items from discard material. 2. An animal or other organism that feeds on dead organic matter. 3. a street cleaner. Originally a “person hired to remove refuse from streets,” from M.E. scawageour. (Random House Dictionary, 2009 via Dictionary.com)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPScrapMaterials discarded from manufacturing operations that may be suitable for reprocessing.EPAThat portion of solid waste which can be economically recycled.Global Recycling NetworkScrap Metal ProcessorIntermediate operating facility where recovered metal is sorted, cleaned of contaminants, and prepared for recycling.EPASecondary MaterialsMaterials that have been manufactured and used at least once and are to be used again.EPASelf-Haul SectorWaste that is hauled to a transfer, processing, or disposal facility by someone other than a franchise waste hauler or by someone whose primary business is not waste hauling. The commercial, residential, and self-haul sectors make up the complete waste stream.CalRecycleSemi-Automated (Collection System)A system of collecting waste, recyclables and/or organics in which specially designed trucks pick up specialized collection bins with the aid of a worker, empties the bins, and then returns the bins to their original position, also with the aid of a worker. This is more labor intensive than a fully-automated system, but less labor intensive than a traditional manual collection system.Re-TRAC ConnectSewageThe waste and wastewater produced by residential and commercial sources and discharged into sewers.EPASewage Treatment Residue/SludgeAny coarse screenings, grit and dewatered or air-dried sludge from sewage treatment plants which are a municipal solid waste and require proper disposal under Act 97.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaSharing EconomyAn economic model based on the reuse (sharing, swapping, trading, renting) of goods, thereby encouraging access to goods over ownership of goods. Synomous with collaborative consumption.Reuse AllianceSharpsHypodermic needles, syringes (with or without the attached needle), Pasteur pipettes, scalpel blades, blood vials, needles with attached tubing, and culture dishes used in animal or human patient care or treatment, or in medical, research or industrial laboratories. Also included are other types of broken or unbroken glassware that were in contact with infectious agents, such as used slides and cover slips, and unused hypodermic and suture needles, syringes, and scalpel blades.EPASignal WordsThe words used on a pesticide labe–Danger, Warning, Caution–to indicate level of toxicity.EPASingle Stream CollectionRecovered materials are received in a single stream, with fiber and commingled containers combined. The first stages of processing typically utilize equipment that separates the material into two streams (fiber and containers), which are further sorted using equipment similar to that used in dual stream MRFs.Re-TRAC ConnectCollection system where recyclables are fully commingled, mixing fiber (papers) and containers (glass bottles, metal cans and plastic containers). (CT DEEP)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSludgeA semi-solid residue from any of a number of air or water treatment processes; can be a hazardous wasteEPASludge Processing FacilityA volume reduction plant, the operations of which involve solely the reduction in volume of water treatment, sewage treatment or industrial sludge generated elsewhere. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1 (1) (27))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSMART(Save Money And Reduce Trash) – Another name for Pay-As-You-Throw – Systems under which residents pay for municipal waste management and disposal services by weight or volume collected, not a fixed fee. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSolid WasteNon-liquid, non-soluble materials ranging from municipal garbage to industrial wastes that contain complex and sometimes hazardous substances. Solid wastes also include sewage sludge, agricultural refuse, demolition wastes, and mining residues. Technically, solid waste also refers to liquids and gases in containers.EPAEPA defines solid waste as any garbage or refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, and from community activities. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectNonsoluble, discarded solid materials, including sewage sludge, municipal garbage, industrial wastes, agricultural refuse, demolition wastes and mining residues.Global Recycling NetworkAny waste, including but not limited to, municipal, residual or hazardous wastes, including solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous material.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaUnwanted or discarded solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous material, including, but not limited to, demolition debris, material burned or otherwise processed at a resources recovery facility or incinerator, material processed at a recycling facility and sludges or other residue from a water pollution abatement facility, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility. (CGS Section 22a-207 (3))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSolid Waste DisposalThe final placement of refuse that is not salvaged or recycled.EPASolid Waste Disposal AreaAny location, including a landfill or other land disposal site, used for the disposal of more than ten cubic yards of solid waste. For purposes of this subdivision, “disposal” means the placement of material at a location with the intent to leave it at such location indefinitely, or to fail to remove material from a location within forty-five days, but does not mean the placement of material l required to be recycled under section 22a-241b in a location on the premises of a recycling facility, provided such facility is in compliance with all requirements of state or federal law and any permits required there under (CGS Section 22a-207 (6))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSolid Waste Facilitymeans any solid waste disposal area, volume reduction plant, transfer station, wood-burning facility or biomedical waste treatment facility. (CGS Section 22a-207 (4))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSolid Waste ManagementSupervised handling of waste materials from their source through recovery processes to disposal.EPASolid Waste Management PlanThe handling of activities which provide for the collection, separation, storage, transport, transfer, processing, recycling, incineration, treatment and disposal of solid waste.Global Recycling NetworkAn administrative and financial plan for an area which considers solid waste storage, collection, transportation, volume reduction, recycling, reclamation and disposal practices for a twenty-year period, or extensions thereof. (CGS Section 22a-207 (15))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSolid Waste Management SystemThat portion of the overall state solid waste management plan specifically designed to deal with the provision of waste management services and to effect resources recovery and recycling by means of a network of waste management projects and resources recovery facilities developed, established and operated by the authority by contract or otherwise, but not embracing or including any regulatory or enforcement activities of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection in accordance with applicable provisions of the general statutes and as may be referred to in the state solid waste management plan as developed and promulgated by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection. (CGS Section 22a-260 (23))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSolid Waste Planning RegionThose municipalities within the defined boundaries of regional planning agencies or as prescribed in the state solid waste management plan. (CGS Section 22a-207 (18))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSource ReductionReducing the amount of materials entering the waste stream from a specific source by redesigning products or patterns of production or consumption (e.g., using returnable beverage containers). Synonymous with waste reduction.EPARefers to reducing waste by not producing it at all. Source reduction can be achieved by changes in the design, manufacture, purchase, or use of materials or products (including packaging) to reduce their amount or toxicity before they become municipal solid waste. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectReducing the quantity of waste which in turn lessens the amount of material that enters the waste stream.Global Recycling NetworkThe reduction of the quantity or toxicity of residual waste generated achieved through changes in the manufacturing process, including process modifications, feedstock substitutions, improvements in feed stock parity, shipping and packing modifications, housekeeping and management practices, increases in machinery efficiency, recycling within a process. The term does not include dewatering, compaction or waste reclamation.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaSource SeparationSegregating various wastes at the point of generation (e.g., separation of paper, metal and glass from other wastes to make recycling simpler and more efficient).EPAIncoming recyclables have been sorted by type at the point of collection, e.g., drop-off and curb-sort collection programs. Some processing might be needed to further sort materials, such as separating steel cans from aluminum cans and sorting glass by color, but the primary purpose of the facility is to remove contaminants and prepare the material for marketing, often by baling, flattening, or crushing.Re-TRAC ConnectThe sorting of specific waste materials prior to their collection or deposition into a collection container.Global Recycling NetworkSource-Separated Organic Material Composting FacilityLand, including structures and appurtenances thereon, where the composting of organic material that has been separated at the point or source of generation from non-organic material, takes place. Organic materials means substances composed primarily of carbon and nitrogen, including but not limited to food scraps, food processing residue, soiled or unrecyclable paper and yard trimmings. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1(a)(31))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSpecial WastesItems such as household hazardous waste, bulky wastes (refridgerators, pices of furniture, etc.) tires, and used oil.EPAAny waste requiring special handling such as scrap tires, used motor oil, hospital wastes or household hazardous wastes.Global Recycling NetworkSolid waste that requires special storage, collection, transportation, processing or disposal due to the quantity of material or its unique physical, chemical or biological characteristics, including, but not limited to sewage sludge, infectious waste, chemotherapeutic waste, incinerator ash, asbestos containing waste, PCB containing waste, non-hazardous waste oil, fuel contaminated soil and waste tires.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaThe following wastes, so long as they are not hazardous waste pursuant to section 22a-115 of the General Statutes or radioactive material subject to section 22a-158 of the General Statutes: (1) water treatment, sewage treatment or industrial sludges, liquid, solids and contained gases; fly-ash and casting sands or slag; and contaminated dredge spoils; (2)scrap tires; (3)bulky waste, as defined in this section; (4)asbestos; (5)residue; and (6)biomedical waste. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1(a)(32))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPSteel CansRepresent three-piece welded cans produced from sheet steel which is made in a blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (for virgin cans) or electric arc furnace (for recycled cans). (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectSuburbanAn area, mainly residential, that is within commuting distance of an urban area and is characterized as having lower population density than nearby urban area.Re-TRAC ConnectSustainabilityDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementThe term sustainability refers to an ecosystem’s ability to keep its inherent state preserved into the future, thus maintaining present levels of biodiversity. Renewable energy sources and recycling are both strongly linked to notions of a sustainable world.Enviro News & BusinesssSustainable Materials Management (SMM)SMM is a systemic approach that seeks to reduce materials use and their associated environmental impacts over their entire life cycle, starting with extraction of natural resources and product design and ending with decisions on recycling or final disposal. This approach changes how we think about environmental protection and recognizes the impacts of the vast amount of materials we consume.Re-TRAC ConnectSweating FurnaceFurnace in which metals are separated by melting at different temperatures.Global Recycling NetworkT TaggedType of Pay-as-you-throw system which is enforced by charging residents or businesses for specialized tags that must be placed on bags or containers in order that a hauler will perform a pick up. The cost per tag will vary by system and some programs may offer one or more free tags each collection interval. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectThermoplasticsPlastics which can be reformed repeteadly by application of heat and pressure.Global Recycling NetworkThermosetsPlastics which once molded cannot be reformed using heat or pressure.Global Recycling NetworkThree StreamRecovered materials are received in three streams, an example is fiber (newspaper, magazines and catalogs, mixed paper, cardboard, etc.), metals, and plastics.Re-TRAC ConnectTipping FeeThe fee charged for unloading solid waste at a landfill or transfer station.CalRecycleFees landfill operators charge for landfill disposal.Re-TRAC ConnectCharge for the unloading or dumping of waste at a recycling facility, composting facility, landfill, transfer station or waste to energy facility.Global Recycling NetworkThe charge made by a disposal site operator for the privilege of disposing waste materials.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaToxic SubstanceA chemical or mixture that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.EPAToxic WasteA waste that can produce injury if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the skin.EPATransfer StationFacility where solid waste is transferred from collection vehicles to larger trucks or rail cars for longer distance transport.EPAA facility which receives, handles, separates, converts, or otherwise processes solid waste, whose activities are governed by the Registration Permit tier or Full Solid Waste Facility Permit requirements.CalRecycleFacilities where municipal solid waste is unloaded from collection vehicles and briefly held while it is reloaded onto larger long-distance transport vehicles for shipment to landfills or other treatment or disposal facilities. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectA transfer station is a location where certain types of waste can be temporarily stored, in between being dropped off by domestic waste collection lorries and being carried off by larger vehicles for subsequent treatment or ultimate disposal.Enviro News & BusinesssA facility where waste materials are taken from smaller collection vehicles and placed in larger transportation trucks for movement to disposal or processing areas.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaAny location or structure, whether located on land or water, where more than ten cubic yards of solid waste, generated elsewhere, may be stored for transfer or transferred from transportation units and placed in other transportation units for movement to another location, whether or not such waste is stored at the location prior to transfer. (CGS Section 22a-207 (10))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPTransformationIncineration, pyrolysis, distillation, gasification, or biological conversion other than composting.CalRecycleTransformation FacilityA facility whose principal function is to convert, combust, or otherwise process solid waste by incineration, pyrolysis, destructive distillation, gasification, or to chemically or biologically process solid waste for the purpose of volume reduction, synthetic fuel production, or energy recovery.CalRecycleTrashMaterial considered worthless or offensive that is thrown away. Generally defined as dry waste material, but in common usage it is a synonym for garbage, rubbish, or refuse.EPATreated WoodWood which contains an adhesive, paint, stain, fire retardant, pesticide or preservative. (CGS Section 22a-209a(2))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPTriple Bottom LineAn addition of social and environmental values to the traditional economic measures of a corporation or organization’s success. Triple Bottom Line accounting attempts to describe the social and environmental impact of an organization’s activities, in a measurable way, to its economic performance in order to show improvement or to make evaluation more in-depth.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementType of System (Automated)A system of collecting waste, recyclables and/or organics in which specially designed trucks pick up specialized collection bins, empties the bins into the collection vehicle, and then returns the bins to their original position.Re-TRAC ConnectU UpcyclingIs when the addition of innovation/creativity brings a new function to unwanted materials (e.g. furniture made of old sign posts, jewelry made of scrap materials). Synonymous with creative reuse and repurposing.Reuse AllianceUrbanAn area characterized by higher population density and more human-made features than the area surrounding it.Re-TRAC ConnectUsed OilSpent motor oil from passenger cars and trucks collected at specified locations for recycling (not included in the category of municipal solid waste.EPAV Vector1. An organism, often an insect or rodent, that carries disease.
2. Plasmids, viruses, or bacteria used to transport genes into a host cell. A gene is placed in the vector; the vector then “infects” the bacterium.EPAVermicompostingThe process by which worms convert organic waste into worm castings – the dark, fertile, granular excrement of a worm. Castings are rich in plant nutrients. (On Farm Composting Handbook)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPVirgin MaterialsResources extracted from nature in their raw form, such as timber or metal ore.EPANatural resources and raw materials traditionally used in industrial and manufacturing processes. Examples of virgin material include wood pulp, plastic resins derived from the petroleum refining process, mined/processed metals, and glass produced using a silica base.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaVolume ReductionProcessing waste materials to decrease the amount of space they occupy, usually by compacting, shredding, incineration, or composting.EPAProcessing waste materials to decrease the amount of space the materials occupy. It is accomplished by mechanical, thermal or biological means.Global Recycling NetworkVolume Reduction PlantAny location or structure, whether located on land or water, where more than two thousand pounds per hour of solid waste generated elsewhere may be reduced in volume, including but not limited to, resources recovery facilities and other incinerators, recycling facilities, pulverizers, compactors, shredders, balers and composting facilities. [Commonly referred to as volume reduction facilities or VRFs] (CGS Section 22a-207 (5))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPW WasteDefinition 1: Unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process.
Definition 2: Refuse from places of human or animal habitation.EPAUnwanted materials remaining from manufacturing processes, or refuse from humans and animals.Global Recycling NetworkA material whose original purpose has been completed and which is directed to a disposal or processing facility or is otherwise disposed. The term does not include source separated recyclable materials or material approved by the PA Department of Environmental Resources for beneficial use.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaWaste CharacterizationIdentification of chemical and microbiological constituents of a waste materialEPAWaste DiversionThe prevention and reduction of generated waste through source reduction, recycling, reuse, or composting. Waste diversion generates a host of environmental, financial, and social benefits, including conserving energy, reducing disposal costs, and reducing the burden on landfills and other waste disposal methods. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectWaste ExchangeArrangement in which companies exchange their wastes for the benefit of both parties.EPAA service that facilitates the exchange of goods between an organization that has reusable goods they no longer need to another organization that can use them. Helps divert usable materials from the landfill. These exchanges can be done through brokering and/or through an automated online interface. Synonymous with materials exchange.Reuse AllianceThe use by one company of an industrial waste generated by another firm.Global Recycling NetworkWaste FeedThe continuous or intermittent flow of wastes into an incinerator.EPAWaste GenerationThe weight or volume of materials and products that enter the waste stream before recycling, composting, landfilling, or combustion takes place. Also can represent the amount of waste generated by a given source or category of sources.EPAWaste Management ProjectAny solid waste disposal and resources recovery area, plant, works, system, facility or component of a facility, equipment, machinery or other element of a facility which the authority is authorized to plan, design, finance, construct, manage, operate or maintain under the provisions of this chapter, including real estate and improvements thereto and the extension or provision of utilities and other appurtenant facilities deemed necessary by the authority for the operation of a project or portion of a project, including all property rights, easements and interests required. (CGS Section 22a-260 (22))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPWaste MinimizationMeasures or techniques that reduce the amount of wastes generated during industrial production processes; term is also applied to recycling and other efforts to reduce the amount of watse going into the waste stream.EPAWaste RecyclingA method of recovering waste as resources. It includes the reuse of wastes or the collection and treatment of a waste product for use as a replacement of all or part of the raw material in the manufacturing process.Global Recycling NetworkWaste ReductionUsing source reduction, recycling or composting to prevent or reduce waste generation.EPAThe prevention of waste at its sourceGlobal Recycling NetworkThe process of reducing waste material and energy in manufacturing, use, and disposal by techniques such as dematerialization, transmaterialization, recycling, sustainable design, closed-loop supply chains, etc.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementDesign, manufacture, or use of a product to minimize weight of municipal waste that requires processing or disposal, including activities that minimize the weight or volume or increases durability or recyclability, and the use of products that contain as little material as possible, are capable of being reused or recycled, or have an extended useful life.Professional Recyclers of PennsylvaniaReducing the amount of materials entering the waste stream from a specific source by redesigning products or patterns of production or consumption (e.g., using returnable beverage containers). Synonymous with Source Reduction. (EPA Glossary)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPWaste Reduction Model (WARM)Helps solid waste planners and organizations track and voluntarily report greenhouse gas emissions reductions from several different waste management practices. WARM calculates and totals GHG emissions of baseline and alternative waste management practices–source reduction, recycling, combustion, composting, and landfilling. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectWaste StreamThe total flow of solid waste from homes, businesses, institutions, and manufacturing plants that is recycled, burned, or disposed of in landfills, or segments thereof such as the “residential waste stream” or the “recyclable waste stream.”EPAA classification used to describe materials that are of a particular type (e.g.. Recycling, Solid Waste, Hazardous-Waste, Organics, Construction & Demolition, Electronic-Scrap).Re-TRAC ConnectThe flow of waste material from generation to disposal.Global Recycling NetworkWaste-to-Energy Facility/Municipal-Waste CombustorFacility where recovered municipal solid waste is converted into a usable form of energy, usually via combustion.EPAWhite GoodsDiscarded major appliances of any color. These items are often enamel-coated. Examples: washing machines, clothes dryers, hot water heaters, stoves, and refrigerators. This definition does not include electronics, such as televisions and stereos, which are known as “brown goods.”CalRecycleA generic term for obsolete major appliances such as refrigerators, water heaters and stoves.Global Recycling NetworkWindrowThe placement and management of compostable material in piled rows, where micro-organisms break down organic material into a finished compost product.Global Recycling NetworkA long, relatively narrow, and low (compost) pile. Windrows have a large exposed surface area which encourages passive aeration and drying. (On Farm Composting Handbook)Connecticut Department of Energy and EPWood PackagingWood products such as pallets, crates, and barrels.EPAY Yard TrimmingsIncludes, but is not limited to, grass clippings and trimmings from bushes, trees, and other yard vegetation. Composting yard trimmings saves landfill space and reduces methane production in landfill. (EPA)Re-TRAC ConnectLeaves, grass clippings, weeds, branches up to one (1”) inch in diameter and prunings from yards or gardens. (RCSA Section 22a-208a-1 (36))Connecticut Department of Energy and EPYard WasteThe part of solid waste composed of grass clippings, leaves, twigs, branches, and other garden refuse.EPAZ Zero WasteThe goal of developing products and services, managing their use and deployment, and creating recycling systems and markets in order to eliminate the volume and toxicity of waste and materials and conserve and recover all resources. Implementing zero waste eliminates all discharges to land, water, or air that may be a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health.The Dictionary of Sustainable ManagementThe basis of the Zero Waste theory is that materials are recycled with no consequent waste taking place. An example of this in practise is that of a multi-component electrical item, like a computer, which – once it is longer wanted – can be broken down into separate parts which could all be used for other applications.Enviro News & BusinesssZero Waste is a goal that is both pragmatic and visionary, to guide people to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are resources for others to use. Zero Waste means designing and managing products and processes to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste and materials, conserve and recover all resources, and not burn or bury them. Implementing Zero Waste will eliminate all discharges to land, water or air that may be a threat to planetary, human, animal or plant health. (Zero Waste International Alliance)Connecticut Department of Energy and EP SourcesEPA Terms of Environment http://ofmpub.epa.gov/sor_internet/registry/termreg/searchandretrieve/glossariesandkeywordlists/search.do?details=&glossaryName=Terms%20of%20Env%20(2009)#formTop CalRecycle http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/LGCentral/Glossary/ Reuse Alliance http://www.reusealliance.org/learn/faq Re-TRAC Connect https://connect.re-trac.com/definitions Global Recycling Network http://grn.com/library/gloss.htm The Dictionary of Sustainable Management http://www.sustainabilitydictionary.com/zero-waste/ Enviro News & Businesss http://www.enviro-news.com/glossary/zero_waste.html Professional Recyclers of Pennsylvania http://www.proprecycles.org/index.aspx?NID=199 Connecticut Department of Energy and EP http://www.ct.gov/DEep/cwp/view.asp?a=2714&q=438548&deepNav_GID=1645#Z
